Skull showing treponemal disease (syphilis)

3D model of a female skull displaying destructive lesions caused by treponemal disease (e.g., probable venereal syphilis). Other indicators of the infection could be seen throughout the skeleton. She also had joint disease (e.g., osteoarthritis) and dental enamel hypoplasia, an enamel defect that indicates malnutrition or health stress occurring in childhood. The individual, excavated from the cem…